Movement is necessary for children's and adolescents' harmonious psycho-physical development.
This need for movement generally manifests itself spontaneously at home. As we all know, the child is not a miniature adult and his mentality is different not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively from that of adults.
A child is not only smaller, but also different.
The beginning of a competition training program must be preceded by a general review, orthopedic and medical, in order to detect any possible problems in the active motor system and cardiovascular system that could be dangerous in the future. This test must be repeated at regular intervals, so as to detect problems in time and to avoid the effects of overwork that may result from training.
- Any competitive training must be voluntary and not done under pressure from parents or coaches.
- Competition training must not be at the expense of education or vocational training.
- Training must still leave the child or young person enough free time for activities other than sport.
In children of normal development, chronological age and biological age coincide. Among children who are ahead, stages of physical development have accelerated by one or more years. With children who are behind, they have slowed down by one or more years.
It is found overall that training stimuli appropriate to growth, that is to say, submaximal, and challenging in varied and not unequivocal ways the entire passive motor system, offer adequate impetus both to growth and structural improvement. Unlike maximum training loads. stereotyped or imposed without preparation, which can cause immediate or long-term (delayed lesions) tissue destruction.
1. Set aside sufficient recovery time after strength training.
2. Avoid sudden alternation of loads on an unprepared body.
3. Avoid working with weights and exercises above the head generally, before and during the growth spurt of puberty, because this may cause more or less serious disturbances at the spinal column level. The weight of the body itself is a sufficient load for this age.
4. Avoid stereotyped training loads: repeated loads of the same nature may produce lesions on any part of the motor system, thus compromising the functioning of the entire system.
5. Avoid prolonged static loads: alternating loads are favorable to the articular cartilage and intervertebral disc fibrocartilage. Static loads cause blood flow to deteriorate, while active loads improve it, therefore we always give preference to dynamic strength exercises.
The taste for movement and a disposition favorable to learning can be directed towards the acquisition of a whole repertoire of motor skills through a variety of basic exercises, always putting the child in a learning situation. Preschool children need different motor possibilities which appeal to their imagination and encourage them to run, jump, crawl, climb, practice balance exercises, swing, turn round, swing, pull, push, carry weights and so on. Sports activities organized at this age should always be short and marked by fun. Gestural stories - which satisfy the passion felt by children for stories of all kinds - the motor problems that the children must solve by themselves, allow them to broaden their motor repertoire and develop motor creativity and experimental knowledge of their own bodies.